John Baylis Earle (October 23, 1766 – February 3, 1836) was a U.S. Representative from South Carolina, nephew of Elias Earle and cousin of Samuel Earle.
Born on the North Carolina side of the North Pacolet River, near Landrum, South Carolina, Earle moved to South Carolina. He completed preparatory studies. He served as a drummer boy and soldier during the Revolutionary War. He engaged in agricultural pursuits.
Earle was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Eighth Congress (March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1805). He declined to be a candidate for reelection in 1804. He resumed agricultural pursuits. He served as adjutant and inspector general of South Carolina for sixteen years. He served throughout the War of 1812. He served as member of the nullification convention of 1832 and 1833. He died in Anderson County, South Carolina, February 3, 1836. He was interred in the cemetery on his plantation, "Silver Glade," in Anderson County, South Carolina.